The corrosion behaviour of candidate container materials for the disposal of high-level waste and spent fuel – a summary of the state of the art and opportunities for synergies in future R&D
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a state-of-the-art analysis of the expected degradation processes of a variety of candidate container materials for the disposal of high-level waste and/or spent nuclear fuel. The work, focusing on the most recent developments, has been performed under the auspices of the Implementing Geological Disposal Technology Platform in the context of an international conference hosted by the Nuclear Waste Management Organisation of Canada (NWMO). The scope of the analysis includes the expected corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking behaviour of copper, carbon steel and titanium in contact with relevant buffer materials (e.g. bentonite, cement) and in conditions expected in an underground disposal facility (long-term anoxic conditions). Considerations relative to the expected evolution of the environmental conditions (especially in the period following backfilling) are also presented. Beyond summarising the current state of knowledge, areas in which opportunities for international collaboration may be present are also highlighted.This paper is part of a supplement on the 6th International Workshop on Long-Term Prediction of Corrosion Damage in Nuclear Waste Systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".