Spatial and temporal distributions of the late Mesozoic volcanic successions and their controlling effects on the Changling fault depression of the Songliao Basin, northeast China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Volcanic successions, including their spatial, temporal, tectonic, and geochemical attributes, were identified based on well data, 2D and 3D seismic data, U–Pb isotopic ages, and major and trace element data from the Changling fault depression of the Songliao Basin in northeastern China. Three eruption cycles developed in the Changling fault depression: K1h (Huoshiling Formation) (124–118 Ma), K1yc1 (first member of the Yingcheng Formation) (115–106 Ma), and K1yc3 (third member of the Yingcheng Formation) (106–102 Ma). These three eruption cycles comprised seven eruption stages. The volcanic successions in every eruption cycle were bimodal and evolved from basic to acidic. The magma of the basic and intermediate rocks in these cycles was derived from partial melting of the asthenosphere. In K1yc1 and K1yc3, partial melting of the newly formed basic rocks in the lower crust formed the high-SiO2 acidic magma. In addition, fractional crystallization of basic magma formed the small-scale intermediate–acidic magma. In K1h, the most likely origin of the acidic magma was fractional crystallization of basic magma. During the early stage of the fault depression, the volcanic rocks of K1h were controlled primarily by the boundary fault activity. In K1yc1 and K1yc3, basic–intermediate rocks were distributed widely along syngenetic faults, and acidic rocks were concentrated in areas where the syngenetic faults had their largest amplitudes. Multiple cycles and stages of the volcanic successions were controlled by magmatic evolution, and the spatial distribution was controlled by basin tectonics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".