Punch and the Pogroms: Eastern Atrocities in John Tenniel’s Political Cartoons, 1876–1896
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article analyse trois caricatures produites pour Punch, magazine humoristique de l’époque victorienne, par son caricaturiste en chef, John Tenniel. Elles représentent des despotismes en périphérie de l’Europe opprimant et assassinant des minorités sous leur férule : les atrocités commises en Bulgarie en 1876, les pogroms antisémites en Russie en 1881–1882 et les massacres d’Arméniens dans l’Empire ottoman en 1895–1896. Considérées ici comme faisant partie d’une série, ces images sont placées en dialogue notamment avec les textes qui ont paru à leurs côtés et avec les magazines rivaux de Punch tels que Fun et Judy. Alors que les Turcs, les Russes, les Bulgares, les Juifs et les Arméniens sont devenus des figures au moyen desquelles Punch a pu réfléchir à lui-même et à sa nation, elles lui ont posé un problème de représentation : c’est particulièrement les figures juives que Punch a eu le plus de difficulté à situer dans l’ordre des nations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".