A graph-based semi-supervised learning approach towards household energy disaggregation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring has drawn increasing attention in the last few years. Many existing studies that use machine learning for this problem assume that the analyst has access to the actual appliances states at every sample instant, whereas in fact collecting this information exposes consumers to severe privacy risks. It may, however, be possible to persuade consumers to provide brief samples of the operation of their home appliances as part of a “registration” process for smart metering (if appropriate financial incentives are offered). This labeled data would then be supplemented by a large volume of unlabeled data. Hence, we propose the use of semi-supervised learning for non-intrusive appliance load monitoring. Furthermore, based on our previous work, we model the simultaneous operation of multiple appliances via multi-label classification. Thus, our proposed approach employs semi-supervised multi-label classifiers for the monitoring task. Experiments on publicly-available dataset demonstrate our proposed method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".