Conflit basque et altérations de l’État de droit : de l’usage de la torture dans l’Espagne démocratique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Le conflit basque est un conflit dont on parle peu en dehors de son périmètre géographique, en dépit d’une mobilisation aujourd’hui internationale pour le faire évoluer vers une résolution. Né d’une opposition à la répression d’une dictature violente, mais perdurant alors que le régime espagnol s’est transformé en une démocratie parlementaire, le conflit basque révèle un paradoxe préoccupant. Ainsi qu’en témoignent notamment plusieurs condamnations prononcées par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (CEDH) pour méconnaissance de l’interdiction de la torture, droit absolument indérogeable quelles que soient les circonstances et reconnu à ce titre comme partie intégrante du « noyau dur » des droits de l’homme, l’appareil mis en place en Espagne face au terrorisme basque semble empreint de dysfonctionnements tels que, loin d’en assurer la protection, il semble au contraire porter fondamentalement atteinte à l’État de droit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.037 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".