Transient Changes in Liquid Water Distribution in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water management is a critical factor in obtaining the highest performance and efficiency from polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells.The liquid water distribution in the individual layers of the PEM fuel cell has a strong impact on performance.The ionic conductivity of the membrane has a strong dependence on membrane hydration.The reactant gases in a PEM fuel cell are supplied through a humidification system to maintain appropriate levels of hydration in the membrane.However, the removal of the anode humidifier would significantly reduce the balance of plant costs and reduce the volume required for the fuel cell in an automotive setting.In this paper, the impact of lower anode humidification on the cell performance and the water distribution in the membrane and the cathode gas diffusion layer were studied.Synchrotron X-ray radiography was used to measure the changes in liquid water quantity in the individual layers.The impact of changing anode humidification on the water distribution is studied.The changes in membrane hydration levels have been measured by the radiographic technique and compared with the changes in membrane resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".