Bibliographic record
Abstract
R ufus Guinchard (1899-1990) and Emile Benoit (1913-1992) are perhaps the two most famous fiddlers from Newfoundland.Both men worked, lived, and played on the island's west coast until the 1970s when they were 'discovered' by the folk revival movement and brought to play in the capital, St John's.The rocky island of Newfoundland lies in the North Atlantic as the most easterly land mass of North America (see Figure 1).Newfoundland was England's oldest colony and both Guinchard and Emile were born citizens of Newfoundland, as the island did not become part of Canada until 1949.Rowe states in A History of Newfoundland and Labrador, that there is evidence of habitation by native groups such as the Dorset and Thule Inuit, the Maritime Archaic, and then the Beothucks, dating back at least 4900 years. 1 He suggests that European visitations may have started as early as the fi�h or sixth century AD with the voyages of the Irish Abbot St Brendan. 2 However, the first archaeological proof is a Viking se�lement dating from about 1000 AD at L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of the island ('L'Anse au Meadow' on map, see Figure 1).Under the patronage of King Henry VII of England, John Cabot is the next recorded 'discoverer' of the island on 24 June 1497.3 Se�lement by Europeans gradually ensued.The first European se�lements, known as outports, were sca�ered along the rocky coastline.Many of these outports, ranging in population from perhaps fi�y to a few hundred people, still exist.In general terms, the majority of the se�lement on the Avalon Peninsula was Irish and English.The English also extended along the east coast in Trinity and Bonavista Bays as well as a li�le on the Great Northern Peninsula.Although the entire west coast was once known as the French Shore, the French primarily occupied the south coast, Placentia Bay and the lower west coast.The town of Placentia was, at one time, the French capital of Newfoundland.There is a small Sco�ish community in the Codroy Valley on the southern west coast.Today, descendants of the original English, Irish, and French se�lers are spread all over the island.The result is that a French or English surname or place-name does not necessarily represent the greatest cultural influence on the person or community.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.047 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".