Investigating non-coding viral transcripts in Bovine Leukemia Virus induced leukemia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus closely related to the Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1). The natural host of BLV is cattle and much like the case of HTLV-1 in humans, about ~5% of infected individuals develop leukemia/lymphoma following a long period of asymptomatic infection (~7 years in cattle, several decades in human). Experimental infection of sheep with BLV results in a reduced latency period (2 years on average), making for an attractive cancer model. A further advantage of the BLV system is that it is possible to infect sheep via injection of a cloned provirus, facilitating the mutation of specific parts of the viral genome to examine the function of viral products in vivo. Like HTLV-1, the BLV mRNAs/proteins are transcribed from the viral 5’ long terminal repeat (LTR), a region rich in regulatory elements. It was previously believed that the BLV provirus was transcriptionally silent in tumors, however we identified a cluster of five abundantly expressed non-canonical RNA polymerase III dependent microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by BLV (Rosewick et al., PNAS 2013). In addition, using RNA sequencing we recently discovered viral antisense transcripts originating in the 3' Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) of the BLV provirus (Durkin et al., Retrovirology 2016) . While 5'LTR dependent transcription is absent in malignant cells, both the viral miRNAs and the antisense transcripts are expressed in all BLV induced leukemic and pre-leukemic samples examined to date, pointing to a vital role in the life cycle of the virus and a critical function in cellular transformation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".