Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Seawater Using CdxZn1-xS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrogen gas has been shown to photocatalytically generated from pure water.With saltwater comprising 93% of the earth's water reservoir, methods to produce hydrogen from seawater minus the expensive water purification are desired.Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S has been proven as an effective photocatalyst for hydrogen production but it remains to be tested in seawater.This study provides proof of concept for hydrogen production from seawater using fresh and reused Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S upon irradiation with visible light and with the addition of sulfide/sulfite as sacrificial agents.The post-usage characteristics of Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S catalyst were investigated using SEM and FTIR.The rate of hydrogen gas production from seawater was up to six times faster than in distilled and simulated seawater for both fresh and reused catalyst.Reused catalyst showed reduced rates of gas accumulation.Catalysts exposed to non-distilled water showed marked changes in their SEM appearance and their spectral transmittance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".