The entrepreneurial imperative: Recording artists in extreme metal music proto-markets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Recent research on recording artist entrepreneurism suggests that ‘emerging music professionals need an entrepreneurial spirit’ and that ‘they need to think like an entrepreneur (even if some don’t like the term) to sustain a career in the diverse fields of the music industries’. If recording artists are now facing pressure to be both creative and entrepreneurial subjects, how does this duality then impact many of the traditional expectations and practices of recording artistry and the institutions that surround them? As a case intended to explore this question, this article will examine recording artist entrepreneurism through the economic and scenic practices occurring in extreme metal music proto-markets. Specifically, analysis will focus on the case of the Australian band Ne Obliviscaris, who were the first extreme metal act to successfully use the online patronage platform Patreon. Ne Obliviscaris’ turn to Patreon is representative of a broader transition towards recording artist entrepreneurism, where new funding and revenue options are impacting the traditional relations between the artist, the record label and the audience. Entrepreneurism is therefore interpreted as an emerging institutional norm of recording artistry, with implications for recording artists’ subjectivity, expectations and social positions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".