Fatigue Behavior of Welded Shear Studs in Precast Composite Beams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bridges consisting of full-depth precast concrete deck panels connected to steel girders are an increasingly popular option for accelerated bridge replacement. In designing the shear connectors for this bridge type, fatigue is often the governing failure mode. Typically, design provisions developed for cast-in-place deck systems are used. To date, only limited efforts have been undertaken to assess these provisions for precast applications. Most of the data has been obtained from push tests under constant-amplitude loading conditions. Against this background, this article presents measured strain, fatigue life, and autopsy results for 12 composite beam specimens (6 with precast concrete slabs) subjected to a variable-amplitude loading history until multiple stud failures were observed. The results indicate that shear studs in beams with precast slabs exhibit a fatigue performance at least on par with those in beams with cast-in-place slabs. In addition to yielding valuable fatigue data, the test results provide evidence of the effects of redundancy and the value of beam tests, rather than push tests, for assessing and designing shear connectors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".