Mixing Behavior in Binary Anionic Gemini Surfactant–Perfluorinated Fatty Acid Langmuir Monolayers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The miscibility and film structure of mixed Langmuir monolayer films composed of an anionic gemini N, N, N ′, N ′-dialkyl- N, N ′-diacetate ethylenediamine surfactant (Ace(12)-2-Ace(12)) with perfluorotetradecanoic acid (C 13 F 27 COOH; PF) have been investigated using a variety of thermodynamic and structural characterization methods. The two film components were found to be miscible in monolayers at the air–water interface over a range of compositions and at all but the lowest surface pressures, with attractive interactions occurring between the two components. While pure PF monolayers formed crystalline lattices with hexagonal symmetry and with the surfactant tails oriented normal to the underlying water subphase, the pure gemini surfactant formed amorphous films with little tendency to orient at the subphase. In mixed films with mole ratios of PF:Ace(12)-2-Ace(12) < 2.5, the miscibility of the two components resulted in a nearly complete loss of crystallinity of the PF, though films at higher mole fractions of PF showed some residual crystallinity, albeit with lattice structures that were significantly different from that of pure PF. Miscibility and film structure in this mixed system are discussed in comparison with other mixed gemini surfactant systems in the literature as well as binary mixtures of phospholipids or monomeric fatty acids with PF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".