Creep can strengthen clay : a matter of long-term slope stability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The matter of long-term stability of long, natural slopes in illitic clay is of great practical importance in Scandinavia and Canada and has been frequently discussed among geotechnical specialists. A remaining question is how such natural slopes can have remained stable, yet undergoing large strain, for hundreds and thousands of years, during which critical conditions have repeatedly occurred with calculated safety factors lower than or equal to unity according to common stability calculations based on plastic theory. The reason for this may be the role of creep shear strain that causes redistribution of stress and earth pressure leading to a state of equilibrium that is very sensitive to disturbance and represents a condition of near-failure. Triggering of occasional slides can be explained by temporary high porewater pressure caused by periods of intense rain, disturbance by pile driving, or loading by road construction etc, taken place in slopes that have been stable for very long periods of time. The mechanisms by which creep can lead to stable conditions of very old clay slopes can have the form of successive relative particle movements into a state where the interparticle bonds become stronger but of brittle character, according to a model based on stochastical mechanics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".