High-speed two-mode switch for mode-division multiplexing optical networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mode-division multiplexing technology using the high-order modes of multimode waveguides enables high-bandwidth data transmission. High-speed mode channel switching is a pivotal function for these optical networks. Here, we propose a modal switching scheme on a silicon-on-insulator platform and demonstrate a high-speed two-mode switch that exploits a Y-junction and multimode interference structure. The design allows for simultaneous switching of two optical modes. A PN-doped junction-based phase shifter in one branch of a Y-junction enables dynamic switching in 2.5 ns. The measured switching extinction ratio is 12.5 dB or better with an open eye diagram for a 10 Gb/s on–off key optical payload signal. The optical power penalty is within 0.5 dB for the two-mode switching at a bit error rate of 10−9. This two-mode switch could enable on-chip mode-based switching network topology for greater aggregated throughput capacity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".