Ethanol:water blends separation using ultrafiltration membranes of poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) partial sodium salt and polyacrylamide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this work, poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) partial sodium salt (P(AAM‐co‐AA)Na), and polyacrylamide (PAAM) membranes were synthesized for separation of ethanol:water blends. The membrane characteristics were evaluated to determine their ability to separate mixtures of ethanol:water and get dehydrate ethanol (95 %). Synthesized membranes showed higher selectivity to ethanol compared to existing polymeric membranes. The ethanol:water blends had an ethanol concentration of 0.10 to 0.70 L/L. The results showed that a mixture of ethanol:water (75:25 L/L) can be concentrated up to 95 % ethanol. The membranes’ stability were studied in absolute ethanol and ethanol:water blend (30:70 L/L) for a period of 30 days of permanent exposure. The membrane deterioration is due to the chemical modification of the membrane active surface layer. It was found that the membranes have a high selectivity (350 times higher) compared to existing membranes, and the substantial and flow of water was 12.15 kg · m −2 · h −1 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".