The Psychological Effect of Political and Social Injustice on the Individual in William Godwin’s Caleb Williams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims at exploring William Godwin’s Things as They Are; or The Adventures of Caleb Williams (1794) as a social and political novel that sheds light on the psychology of the eighteenth-century English individual. It discusses the dangers of injustice and proves that bad laws can be destructive in the sense that they cause people to live unstably as they suffer from psychological disorders, such as paranoia. The study refers to some political and social facts of the eighteenth-century, to contextualize the suffering of the individual. It emphasizes that the manipulation of laws creates an unbalanced social life; and thus, it leads to psychological instability. The study, then, connects Foucault’s ideas of surveillance to reveal how tyranny is evil for both the dominant and the dominated who live miserably. This dichotomy is investigated in the study mainly through the characters of Falkland, the murderer and Caleb Williams, the protagonist who searches for the truth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.019 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".