Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in northwestern Ontario: A six-year retrospective study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent reports have described a high incidence of acute rheumatic fever in northwestern Ontario. However, the full burden of Group A streptococcal infection and its complications, including acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), in the region is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To document the pediatric and adult incidence of APSGN in a predominantly First Nations population in northwestern Ontario. METHODS: The present study was a retrospective case series conducted over a six-year period in a population of 29,000 in northwestern Ontario. Adults and children meeting selection criteria for possible, probable, or confirmed APSGN within the study period were included. Outcome measures included patient demographics, comorbidities, investigations, clinical course, and status of renal function at last follow-up. RESULTS: The authors identified 10 pediatric and five adult cases of APSGN. The incidence rate of APSGN for children <15 years of age was 20.8 cases per 100,000 person-years and, for adults, was 4.0 cases per 100,000 person-years. These rates are comparable with those observed in developing countries and more than triple the expected rate in the rest of Canada. CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of APSGN in northwestern Ontario exceeds the norm for a developed country. Inadequate, overcrowded housing and limited access to clean water experienced by many remote First Nations communities may drive the high burden of Group A streptococcal infection and its sequelae in this region.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".