Política de comercio exterior y seguridad nacional en México: Hacia la definición de metas para fines de siglo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Este trabajo analiza la evolución de la política exterior de México desde la época de Luis Echeverría hasta la actualidad, haciendo énfasis en la política comercial. En el trabajo se intenta definir el costo político que esta posición exterior ha tenido para México, especialmente en su relación bilateral con Estados Unidos. Se sostiene que la política comercial mexicana ha variado desde un apoyo incondicional de la UNCTAD hasta la adhesión de México al GATT. Esta política ha variado considerablemente, enfatizando el internacionalismo tercermundista, hasta el multilateralismo expresado por el GATT. Durante los años más recientes de esta época, al mismo tiempo que México se incorporaba al GATT, se negociaban acuerdos comerciales muy específicos que intensificaron la relación bilateral con Estados Unidos. El trabajo plantea el escenario futuro de un mundo dividido en bloques comerciales que demanda opciones difíciles para la política comercial mexicana y que requieren de una definición pronta si es que México no se quiere encontrar aislado comercialmente o forzado a una relación bilateral asimétrica. En este contexto se plantea la necesidad de estudiar las posibilidades y dificultades de una relación comercial tripartita entre México, Canadá y Estados Unidos.ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes of the evolution of Mexican foreign policy, particularly trade policy, from the time of President Luis Echeverría to the present. It attempts to define the political costs of these policies for Mexico, especially in terms of the U.S.-Mexican bilateral relationship. The author maintains that Mexican trade policy has ranged from unconditional support for the UNCTAD, to the current subscription to the GATT..i.e., from Third World internationalism to the multilateralism enshrined in the GATT. In recent years, al the same time that Mexico was joining the GATT, Mexico and the United States were negotiating specific trade agreements that intensified their bilateral relationship. The paper suggests, as a possible scenario for the future, a world divided into trade blocs. This would create difficult trade-policy options for Mexico, requiring definitive decisions if Mexico hopes to avoid being isolated from the world market or forced into an asymmetric bilateral relationship. The essay uses this context to highlight the need for studying the possibilities and difficulties of forming a trilateral trade relationship between Mexico, Canada, and the United States.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".