Impact of government incentive on price competition of closed-loop supply chain systems
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Considering the adverse impact of used products in the environment, government has come forward to provide incentive to encourage remanufacturing. However, the importance of government incentives in remanufacturing systems has not received adequate attention in the literature. This paper focuses on how government incentives can affect business decisions of a three echelon remanufacturing system under price competition. For the analysis, we develop mathematical models for the remanufacturing configurations of decentralized and integrated systems. These models are illustrated through a numerical case study and the results show that the return rate and channel profit increases as the government incentive increases under perfect competition. By comparing various models, it is observed that an integrated system can increase the collection of the used products compared to the other systems. Finally, this paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of these systems and provides managerial insights for the management of remanufacturing systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it