Habitat use and small-scale residence patterns of sympatric sunfish species in a large temperate river
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) sunfish function as a trophic link between invertebrates and piscivores in temperate freshwater food webs, but little is known about their movement in large-scale riverine ecosystems. To address this, pumpkinseed and bluegill were implanted with acoustic transmitters and monitored for 5 months (June to November 2015) within a 0.39 km2 acoustic array in the Detroit River. Residence index analysis revealed site fidelity of sunfish to the side of the river they were tagged and a lack of movement across a shipping channel. Bluegill were more active at night and pumpkinseed more active during daylight hours, possibly partitioning resources on a temporal basis, unlike in smaller lakes where the species partition the littoral and pelagic habitats. Pumpkinseed presence was positively correlated with water temperature and level, whereas bluegill presence was not related to any environmental parameters examined. This study demonstrates that anthropogenic alterations (e.g., channelization) influence the movement and distribution of fishes and that fish behaviour in a large river ecosystem can differ from smaller temperate lakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".