Bibliographic record
Abstract
Catalyst-free photochemistry provides numerous opportunities toward sustainable synthesis because catalyst separation can usually be avoided, which is consistent with green chemistry principles. Complementary to the well-reviewed photoredox chemistry, this review specifically summarizes the synthetic applications of photochemistry without external catalysts reported since 2000. The selected examples include both natural product synthesis and new methodology development. This review is arranged based on the type of chromophore. It is our hope that this review will inspire more synthetic chemists to embrace photochemistry into their research plans. 1 Introduction 2 Photochemistry of Olefins 2.1 [2+2] Cycloaddition of Enones and Olefins 2.2 Cycloaddition of Olefins without Carbonyl Groups 2.3 Z/E Isomerization 2.4 Cyclization 2.5 Others 3 Photochemistry of C=O 3.1 The Paternò–Büchi Reaction 3.2 The Yang Photoenolization 3.3 The Norrish Type I Reaction 3.4 The Norrish Type II Reaction 3.5 Others 4 Photochemistry of Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groups 5 Photochemistry of Halogen-Containing Compounds 6 Conclusion and Outlook
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".