Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter examines the evidence for the safety and efficacy of oral anti-diabetes (OADs) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. Metformin is a widely used biguanide that acts by reducing hepatic glucose output, increasing peripheral glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes, and reducing intestinal glucose absorption leading to improved insulin sensitivity. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, acarbose and voglibose, slow carbohydrate absorption and reduce postprandial glucose levels by inhibiting the alpha-glucosidase enzymes present on the brush border of the small intestine. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) is a glucose transporter located in the proximal tubule of kidneys that promotes renal tubular reabsorption of glucose. Inhibition of SGLT2 leads to the decrease in blood glucose levels due to an increase in renal glucose excretion. SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with a small increased risk for urinary tract infection (UTI) due to glucosuria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".