OP12.05: Combination of early transvaginal and late second trimester ultrasound improves fetal anatomy screening in obese women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To evaluate if the addition of early transvaginal ultrasound examination (ETVU) to routine late second trimester transabdominal ultrasound (LTAU) can improve the fetal anomaly screening in obese pregnant women. This was a prospective cohort study of 101 pregnant women with body mass index (BMI) ≥30kg/m performed between September 2014 and May 2015. Women underwent ETVU (2D+3D+Colour Doppler) in gestational week 13+0 to 14+6 followed by LTAU in week 18+0 to 20+6. Anatomic structures were evaluated according to the same check-list. How well the check-list could be completed with LTAU was compared both with the check-list after ETVU and with the combination of both check-lists. McNemars X test was used for analysing of data. The rate of visualisation of the whole check-list by ETVU was 69% compared with 59% by LTAU. The difference was not significant (p>0,25). The combination of ETVU and LTAU increased the proportion of complete anatomy scans according to the check-list from 59% to 91% (p<0,005). Combination of ETVU and LTAU increased the proportion of fully examined structures: head/brain from 85% to 96% (p<0,005), heart from 70% to 94% (p<0.005) and for the kidneys 82% to 98% (p=0,012). Three of four anomalies were detected already during ETVU: two cases of single umbilical artery and a complex heart anomaly (VSD/TGA/DORV). The complex heart anomaly could not be verified with repeated scannings until gestational week 34+2. The fourth anomaly, Potter syndrome II, was missed by both scans. By means of high resolution transvaginal probe and use of 3D-tehnique and Colour Doppler it is possible to scrutinise fetal anatomy in detail as early as gestational week 13+0. The addition of an early transvaginal ultrasound at weeks 13+0 to 14+6 to LTAU at week 18+0 to 20+6 improves fetal anomaly screening in obese pregnant women, particularly with regard to the brain, the heart, and the kidneys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".