Highly Porous Polymer Structures Fabricated via Rapid Precipitation from Ternary Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we present a versatile fabrication route for producing polymeric foams which is different from common phase inversion processes. Highly porous (up to ∼86%) polylactic acid (PLA) structures are produced via a rapid precipitation process wherein nonsolvent hexane is directly incorporated into PLA–dichloromethane solutions. Despite many advantages, this method is underutilized due to a complex correlation between thermodynamics and kinetics during solidification making it challenging to control and understand. We describe the phase separation of these systems as a three-state process which contributes to the current knowledge and understanding of the nonsolvent induced solid–liquid phase separation process. Also, we show that the shish-kebab morphologies formed in certain foams may result in an increase in their compressive modulus. The flexibility of this fabrication route allows for producing highly porous PLA structures for various applications such as acoustic and tissue engineering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".