Structural damping estimation using a simple equation based on the equivalent viscous damping concept
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Earlier research papers by the authors have presented a simple equation, derived using the equivalent viscous damping concept, to characterize the amplitude-dependency of modal damping. While initially intended for damping estimation on account of stick-slip surfaces acting on main structural systems of buildings within the linear range, the current paper discusses how this same equation can be used to describe damping in general given the force-displacement relationship of the element or structure of interest. This is done by modifying and extending the original derived equation to allow the calculation of amplitude-dependent damping given the force-deformation characteristic of the particular element or structure. The paper then presents amplitude-dependent damping estimates for a structure with a given modal pushover (i.e. force-displacement) curve generated by static nonlinear analysis as an example application of this simple formula. The effect of the resolution of the force-displacement curve on the damping estimate is discussed by contrasting the initial estimate against simplified force-displacement curves. Limitations and applications of this procedure in wind and seismic design are briefly discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".