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Evaluation des Risques Ecotoxicologiques liés à l’épandage de boues de STEP chaulées sur une parcelle agricole

2017· article· en· W2756223085 on OpenAlexaff
Gilles Donguy, Pascale Chenon

Bibliographic record

VenueEnvironnement Ingénierie & Développement · 2017
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicEnvironmental and Social Impact Assessments
Canadian institutionsImpact
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSewage sludgeEnvironmental scienceLimeHazard quotientSewage treatmentWaste managementEnvironmental engineeringEnvironmental chemistryEngineeringHeavy metalsChemistryBiology

Abstract

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Sewage sludge from urban wastewater plants can be applied on agricultural land in accordance to a regulatory framework established by a 1997 decree, under the responsibility of the producer of the sludge considered as waste. Under the impetus of the French Lime Association, a technical dossier for the creation of a new standard, based on the realization of an Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment (ERA) on limed sludge, was transmitted to ANSES, and led to the development of an AFNOR standard (NFU44-003) allowing the use of these sludge as soil improvers. The ERA, which typically involves four steps (problem formulation, characterization of exposure, characterization of effects, risk characterization), has been implemented using the "substances" approach to the terrestrial ecosystem, a typical scenario of spreading sludge on agricultural soil. Physicochemical analyzes were carried out on these sludges with regard to the following hazard tracers : 3 HAPs and 9 Trace Elements Metal. For each of these risk tracers, exposure (PEC) was characterized on the basis of a sludge dilution factor in agricultural soil, calculated for the so-called agricultural D1 (0.1 %) and a dose 5 times greater D5 (0.5 %), while ecotoxicological values (PNEC) were derived from international databases. For each substance, and for the exposure doses D1 and D5, the risk was characterized according to the quotient (PEC / PNEC) method of Technical Guidance Document (TGD). The results of the ERA suggest that there is no significant risk to the terrestrial ecosystem for exposure doses D1 and D5. To reinforce or refine this conclusion, the implementation of a "matrix" approach, closer to reality on the ground, and involving several urban sludges, would be desirable, not only for the terrestrial ecosystem but also for the nearby streams and groundwater underneath the cultivated area. Les boues de stations d'épuration urbaines peuvent être épandues sur sol agricole selon un cadre règlementaire fixé par un décret de 1997, sous la responsabilité du producteur de ces boues considérées comme des déchets. Sous l’impulsion de l'Union des producteurs de chaux, un dossier technique pour la création d'une nouvelle norme, basé sur la réalisation d’une Evaluation des Risques Ecotoxicologiques (ERE) portant sur des boues chaulées, a été transmis à l’ANSES, et a conduit à l’élaboration d’une norme AFNOR (NFU44-003) permettant d’utiliser ces boues en tant qu’amendement. L’ERE, qui comporte classiquement quatre étapes (formulation du problème, caractérisation des expositions, caractérisation des effets, caractérisation des risques) a été mise en place selon l’approche « substances » portant sur l’écosystème terrestre, sur la base d’un scénario type d’épandage de boues chaulées sur un sol agricole. Des analyses physicochimiques ont été réalisées sur ces boues en ce qui concerne les traceurs de risques suivants : 3 HAPs et 9 Eléments Trace Métalliques. Pour chacun de ces traceurs de risque, l’exposition (PEC) a été caractérisée sur la base d’un facteur de dilution de la boue dans le sol agricole, calculé pour la dose D1 dite agricole (0,1 %) et une dose 5 fois plus importante D5 (0,5 %), tandis que des valeurs écotoxicologiques (PNEC) ont été tirées des bases de données internationales. Ainsi, pour chaque substance, et pour les doses d’exposition D1 et D5, le risque a été caractérisé selon la méthode du quotient (PEC/PNEC) du TGD (Technical Guidance Document) de l’ECB (European Chemical Bureau). Les résultats de l’ERE permettent de conclure à l’absence de risque significatif pour l’écosystème terrestre pour les doses d’exposition D1 et D5. Pour conforter ou affiner cette conclusion, la mise en œuvre d’une approche « matrice », plus proche de la réalité du terrain, et portant sur plusieurs boues de STEP, serait souhaitable, non seulement pour l’écosystème terrestre mais aussi pour les cours d’eau avoisinants et la nappe phréatique située à l’aplomb de la surface cultivée.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.141
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0070.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.040
GPT teacher head0.342
Teacher spread0.302 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations2
Published2017
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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