Interception of pathogens during quarantine processing: an effort towards safe import of oilseed and vegetable Brassicas germplasm in India
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During 1976-2015, a total of ~75000 seed samples of oilseed and vegetable Brassicas germplasm received from different countries were processed for quarantine clearance. Seed health testing resulted in interception of 17 pathogenic fungi and one bacterium in 2628 samples from 23 countries. Decade wise (1976-1985; 1986-1995; 1996-2005; 2006-2015) analysis revealed the highest level infections in 948 (36.3%) during 1986- 1995 followed by 912 interceptions (34.9%) during 1996-2005 and lowest level of infections was intercepted in 176 samples (6.7%) during 2005-2016. Risk analysis of the interceptions showed that among the pathogens, Alternaria brassicicola was recorded in most of the infected samples (65.5%) followed by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (17.8%). Among countries, maximum interceptions were made from USA (26.3%) followed by Canada (24.0%) which indicated that there is the highest risk of introduction of pathogens along with Brassicas seeds from USA and Canada. Among pathogens intercepted, Leptosphaeria maculans causing black leg from Australia and Canada and X. c. pv. campestris causing black rot of crucifers from Canada are potential quarantine pathogens to India, hence the samples infected with L. maculans and Fusarium solani were rejected and incinerated and samples infected with X. c. pv. campestris were salvaged by giving hot water treatment at 500C for 20 min. before their release. Whereas, samples infected with other pathogens viz., A. brassicae, A. brassicicola, A. raphani, A. solani, Bipolaris sorghicola, B. sorokiniana, Botrytis cinerea, Cephalosporium maydis, F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, Phoma sorghina, Rhizoctonia bataticola, Sclerotium rolfsi, Verticillium albo-atrum were salvaged using fungicidal seed treatment before their release. This could finally prevent entry or minimized spread of exotic pathogens into the country and also promoted germplasm exchange for crop improvement. The interceptions of pathogens of quarantine significance to India from different countries emphasizes the need of critical examination of imported oilseed and vegetable Brassicas during the quarantine processing to safeguard our experimental as well as agricultural fields from inadvertent introduction of associated pathogens or more virulent races/ strains of the existing ones in the country
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".