13.08: Plastic resistance of U sections under major‐axis bending, shear force and bi‐moments
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Eurocode 3 Part 1–1 gives several specific plastic cross‐section interaction equations for I sections. However, the case of U sections is not explicitly addressed. In order to overcome these limitations, an extensive numerical parametric study has been conducted. So as to obtain realistic plastic section resistances, material non‐linear analyses (MNA) have been performed on a numerical model of U‐shaped members modelled with Solid (volume) Finite Elements. In the present paper, the most practical case of U sections subjected to a combination of major‐axis bending, shear force and a bi‐moment (resulting from the torsional load) is treated and a simplified interaction formula is derived. Additionally, it will be shown that the complex torsional behaviour of open cross‐sections leads to a supplementary plastic system for members made of U sections.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it