Human Bocavirus Transmission and Illness Among Pregnant Mothers and Infants in Ugandan Households
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV-1) is a parvovirus associated with respiratory illness and prolonged oral shedding after primary infection in young children. HBoV-1 has been infrequently detected in healthy adults, and little is known about potential sources of HBoV-1 infections in infants. Oropharyngeal swabs and symptom data were collected weekly from a prospective cohort of 17 HIV-1 infected and 15 uninfected pregnant women, their newborn infants, and other preschool aged children. HBoV-1 DNA was measured by real-time PCR; and a primary HBoV-1 infection was defined as the first occurrence of 2 consecutive positive HBoV-1 swabs in an infant followed from birth. Symptoms at primary infection were compared within each infant to two control periods in a case-crossover design. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate risk of acquisition in infants. Of 32 infants enrolled, 29 (91%) were infected with HBoV-1 during a median follow-up of 57 (range 4–120) weeks (Figure). Primary infection occurred at a median age of 26 weeks (range 2–60 weeks), and was associated with new onset of cough (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.03–3.04) and rhinorrhea (OR 2.59; 95% CI 1.27–5.27). Nineteen (66%) infants with primary HBoV-1 infection had a mother or sibling in the home with HBoV-1 shedding within the prior 2 weeks. In 11 of these cases, HBoV-1 shedding was observed in both the mother and sibling. Risk of acquisition was associated with concurrent household shedding among children with primary events (HR 3.23; 95% CI 1.24–8.41). Five women (16%) had HBoV-1 DNA detected during pregnancy, of whom all were HIV+. Two pregnant women with HBoV-1 during their third trimester had a young child in the home who shed HBoV-1 within 2 weeks. Our finding of concurrent HBoV-1 DNA shedding among family members suggests frequent household transmission. HBoV-1 primary infection was associated with mild respiratory illness in this cohort of African infants, similar to studies done in the United States. Although mRNA confirmation of infection was not available, serial sampling from birth enabled unambiguous determination of primary HBoV-1 events in infants. The clinical significance of HBoV-1 detection in pregnant women remains unknown. E. T. Martin, Pfizer: Scientific Advisor, Research grant; Merck: Scientific Advisor, Research grant; Multiparty Group For Advice on Science: Scientific Advisor, Research grant
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".