Letter to the Editor. Hydrodynamic hydrocephalus in nongalenic arteriovenous fistula
Bibliographic record
Abstract
I salute the authors on their report concerning the rare development of hydrodynamic hydrocephalus in nongalenic cerebral (or pial) arteriovenous fistula.I coined the term "nongalenic cerebral arteriovenous fistula" as part of our 1992 report. 1 Among our 13 cases up to 1992 and the 35 cases reported by others, the case with hydrocephalus was considered obstructive due to varices at the tentorial incisura.In 1994, however, I encountered a case of hydrocephalus (Fig. 1 left) in which the aqueduct was clearly open (Fig. 1 right).There was evidence of venous hypertension with stenosis at the sigmoid sinus (Fig. 2) and reversed flow in the superior sagittal sinus.Considering the rarity of this scenario, one might postulate that venous outflow stenosis is an added requirement for hydrodynamic hydrocephalus to develop in such cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".