Bibliographic record
Abstract
Airborne fine particles (PM2.5) play a major role in air quality. This study focuses on the chemical composition of PM2.5 and its seasonal variation in 2015, based on an 8-month observation campaign in Calgary. Elemental carbon, organic carbon, and nine kinds of water-soluble ions were analyzed in this study. PM2.5 samples were collected by URG-3000ABC air sampler and were analyzed by DRI Model 2001A Thermal/Optical Carbon Analyzer and ICS-2500 ion chromatography. The concentration of PM2.5 has demonstrated a significant seasonal variation with an elevated concentration in summer (13±6μg/m3) and low concentration in winter (9±3μg/m3), which is opposite to most previous studies. Most of the water-soluble inorganic ion components have shown opposite variations. Organics were the main chemical components accounting for 59% of PM2.5. Secondary organic carbon accounted for more than 65% of the total organic carbon. Therefore, the seasonal variation of PM2.5 followed the pattern of SOC.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".