Saturation of the magnetosphere during superstorms: new results from the magnetogram inversion technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using data on three superstorms, we study new features of the saturation of the polar cap area when the solar wind (SW) increases. The polar cap saturation is shown to occur when the SW dynamic pressure and southward vertical (IMF) component rise. The saturation is realized not only during the passage of interplanetary magnetic clouds, but also at significant enhancement of SW density when the SW thermal pressure is comparable with the pressure of the interplanetary magnetic field. We assume that under such conditions the saturation is caused not only by a decrease in the efficiency of reconnection at the dayside magnetopause, but mainly by finite magnetosphere compressibility — stopping the magnetopause compression due to a rapid earthward growth of the geomagnetic field, i.e. the inner magnetospheric structure of the geomagnetic field. We have found signs of saturation depending on the northward IMF component. We assume that the IMF-dependent saturation exists for both signs of its vertical component due to an increase in the total pressure in the magnetosheath. Moreover, when penetrating into the magnetosphere, the southward IMF component reduces the geomagnetic field and thereby causes additional compression of the magnetopause and, accordingly, an increase in the saturation level of the polar cap area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".