Electrolyte Reactivity on Graphite and Copper as Measured in Lithium Double Half Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study of electrolyte reactivity on electrode materials is fundamental to understand the service life of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this paper, a new type of symmetric cells, termed double half-cells (DHC), has been designed to evaluate electrolyte reactivity precisely and accurately while only using a standard charger. The construction of DHCs avoids the disassembly/assembly process and electrode alignment issues associated with conventional symmetric cells, resulting in improved performance and reliability. Using DHCs, electrolyte reactivity on graphite and copper were investigated. While electrolyte reactivity on Cu and graphite were found to be low at room temperature, elevated temperatures resulted in significant electrolyte reactivity on both surfaces. The addition of vinylene carbonate to the electrolyte was found to have little effect on graphite electrodes, but results in severe electrolyte decomposition on copper. These results show the utility of DHCs and also that inactive materials, such as current collectors, should not be ignored when considering electrolyte decomposition reactions in Li-ion cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".