Freedom for African Americans in British-Occupied Newport, 1776-1779, and the “Book of Negroes”
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The upheaval of the American Revolutionary War produced a number of opportunities for enslaved adult males in Rhode Island to liberate themselves. One legal path to freedom, starting in February 1778, was enlistment in Rhode Island’s reestablished 1st Rhode Island Regiment. After the British army and navy invaded and occupied Newport in December 1776, enslaved Rhode Islanders had new opportunities to gain their freedom: they could run away from their masters and escape to Newport. There was an involuntary path to freedom for enslaved Rhode Islanders as well: raiding parties of British soldiers or their Loyalist allies operating out of Newport sometimes captured slave owners, and also took their slaves. After the British evacuated Newport in October 1779, some of these fugitives who had sought refuge with the British made their way to New York City and after the war were resettled by the British military in eastern Canada, one of the few places in the British empire where slavery had not taken root.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".