Specific Surface Area from Nitrogen Adsorption Data at 77 K Using the Zeta Adsorption Isotherm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The determination of the specific surface area (SSA) of solid powders has been a long-standing problem in surface science. We use the zeta adsorption isotherm and propose a method for determining the SSA of powders using the N 2 adsorption measurements at 77 K. The consistency of the results obtained is demonstrated using two α-alumina samples that have different total surface areas. When the proposed method is applied to convert the amount adsorbed per unit mass to the amount adsorbed per unit area, we show that there is no measurable difference between their adsorption isotherms. Also, we show the proposed method can be applied to six different powders having a variation in their specific surface areas of two orders of magnitude. The corresponding error can be obtained from a single equilibrium adsorption measurement, and the maximum standard deviation in the mean value of the SSA among six cases is less than 7%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".