High capacity connections using timber rivets: From theory to practice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of a structural wood connection providing high load transfer, joint stiffness, and ease of manufacturing led to the invention of the timber rivets. Timber rivets are hardened steel nails with a rectangular cross section used in steel-timber-steel connections. Rivets are already part of the Canadian CSA-O86 and American NDS wood standards. However, there is no closed-form solution for the strength prediction of this type of connection under brittle failure mode as a result of wood rupture. Also, the standards restrict the use of rivets to specific configurations and for glulam and sawn timber of some limited species. A design approach is presented which allows the practitioners to predict the connection capacity associated with different brittle wood failure mechanisms under either longitudinal or transverse loadings. An extensive testing regime has been conducted at the University of Auckland and the results verified the proposal and proved its reliability. A design guide was also developed for timber rivets in Australasian engineered timber products. Timber rivets have since been used in different timber structures in New Zealand.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".