Laser cooling with Tm<sup>3+</sup>-doped nano-crystals of oxy-fluoride glass ceramic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A theoretical scheme for laser cooling in Tm<sup>3+</sup>-doped oxy-fluoride glass ceramic (GC) is presented. It is shown that the unique combination of high chemical and mechanical stability of the oxide glass and low phonon energy of the fluoride nano-crystals, which trap a majority of Tm<sup>3+</sup> ions, is beneficial for laser cooling of solids. The effective embedding of rare-earth ions in the crystalline phase with low phonon energy provides high quantum efficiency for the <sup>3</sup>F<sub>4</sub> → <sup>3</sup>H<sub>6</sub> transition involved in the cooling cycle in the Tm<sup>3+</sup> ions, which is a key parameter for laser cooling of solids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".