The true north – strong and full of energy : China’s resource diplomacy and Canada–US relations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter analyses contemporary Sino-Nigerian relations and how the dynamics of Sino-American rivalry-or at least competition-plays out within a framework of relations and networks. It is important to note that in 2005 Sino-Nigerian ties were officially upgraded to a strategic partnership, and yet development of the Free Trade Zone (FTZ) will have to face the growing concern about Chinese work practices. The US and Canada stopped importing crude from West Africa altogether, this has already happened with regard to Nigeria. West Africa has now emerged as a hugely important source of oil, affecting Nigeria's relations with both China and the US. The energy revolution derives from technological innovations in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. The US Energy Department forecasts that the US production of crude and other liquid hydrocarbons will average around 11.4 million barrels per day by 2014, which would place the US just below Saudi Arabia's expected output for 2013 of 11.6 million barrels per day.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".