A wideband millimeter-wave differential stacked-FET power amplifier with 17.3 dBm output power and 25% PAE in 45nm SOI CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the design of an efficient two-stage m illim eter-wave power amplifier (PA) using stacked field-effect transistors in 45nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology. It highlights two major issues encountered when designing single-ended multistage PAs at millimeter frequencies (e.g., 60GHz), namely the significant source to ground parasitic inductance and the vulnerability to oscillation at low frequencies. The two-stage differential PA includes input, inter-stage and output matching networks implemented using RF transformers with a high coupling factor and reduced insertion losses. The PA demonstrator showed a 3-dB bandwidth equal to 12GHz (55-67GHz). The small signal gain, peak power added efficiency and peak output power were recorded as 14.5dB, 25% and 17.3dBm, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".