Privatization of Vietnam Airlines : a successful reform or a timid policy step
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study provides an overview about the privatization process of the national airlines in Vietnam, representing for a key large SOE which has been privatized. Therefore, it helps to reflect the process of the country in term of the government perspectives in general, through which to bring ideas or suggestion for more efficient policy to favor liberalization. \nPrivatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is one pillar of the structural reforms in addition to the deregulation and trade liberalization. As a necessity for development, Vietnam implemented privatization along with the Renovation policy to transfer from a centrally planned market to an open and market-oriented economy as a necessity for development. The privatization process in Vietnam is on-going and has begun in large SOEs. The privatization of Vietnam Airlines is a typical case of a large-scale concern undergoing privatization through equitization. This study is of particular interest for the Vietnam Airlines’ privatization in evaluating the success or failure of the equitization. \nThis study qualitatively analyzes the airline’s performance, and market conditions as competition on the domestic market and the stock exchange using secondary data. Comparison is made with other airlines, e.g. British Airway, Air Canada, LAN Chile and Kenya Airway. The analysis of impacts of the privatization process on the airline performance, which are reflected by the firm’s growth, profitability, productivity was conducted by combining and looking at the changes in the indicators as total assets and its components, profits, sales, debts, profitability ratios, number of workers, and volume of passengers. \nThe results showed a positive effect of the privatization. That is, the airline improved its performance efficiency, reflected by the increase in all criteria. However, when examining competition under market shares and the stock prices, it seemed that the equitization of Vietnam Airlines failed to become more competitive relative to its rival on the domestic aviation market, and failed to attract investors on the stock exchange. The comparison among Vietnam Airlines and the other national airlines used the comparison table with comparative criteria based on the country and macroeconomy conditions, perspectives of the government on privatization and the way the process was implemented. The analysis showed that Vietnam does not have a good economic environment for the privatization and the government also failed to show a firm commitment to privatize larger-scale SOEs, especially large firms. Therefore, the privatization in Vietnam Airlines has been too slow and fragmented compare to other cases. Hence, combining all the above results tells us that the privatization of Vietnam Airlines seemed not to be considered as a successful case in term of raising the competitiveness and withdrawal of the state’s intervention, even though it may still bring efficiency to the airline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".