Effects of tannic acid on growth performance, carcass characteristics, digestibility, nitrogen volatilization, and meat lipid oxidation of steers fed steam-flaked corn–based finishing diets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effects of a tannic acid blend (ByPro; Silvateam USA, Ontario, CA) added to steam-flaked corn-based fishing diets on beef cattle growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, fecal N volatilization, and meat lipid oxidation were evaluated. Steers ( = 144; 349 ± 25 kg initial BW) were blocked by initial BW and assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments with 12 pens/treatment and 4 steers/pen and fed ad libitum. Treatments included a control (CON; no ByPro) and ByPro fed at 30 or 60 g DM/steer daily (30-ByPro and 60-ByPro, respectively). Pen fecal samples were collected 7 d after cattle were shipped to slaughter for estimation of N volatilization. Strip loins were aged for 21 d for evaluation of color and antioxidant activity. Intake quadratically increased ( = 0.05) from d 0 to 35, whereas linear trends were observed for increased DMI from d 0 to 105 and d 0 to slaughter ( = 0.07 and = 0.06, respectively), resulting in a 3.7% greater overall DMI for 60-ByPro than for CON. No differences were detected for carcass-adjusted ADG ( = 0.65) or G:F ( = 0.17). Carcass characteristics including HCW ( = 0.52), fat thickness ( = 0.32), LM area ( = 0.57), quality grade ( = 0.44), yield grade ( = 0.29), and percentage of condemned livers ( = 0.13) were not affected by treatments. Apparent total tract digestibility of starch linearly decreased tendency ( = 0.03) with increasing ByPro dose, whereas tends for a linear decrease ( = 0.09) in CP and a quadratic increase ( = 0.09) in OM digestibility were observed. No effects of treatment ( ≥ 0.39) were noted for fecal N volatilization. An increase ( < 0.01) in metmyoglobin in strip loin steaks was observed with ByPro inclusion. Oxymyoglobin decreased ( < 0.01) as display day progressed, except on d 5, at which time CON and 30-ByPro steaks had lower proportions than 60-ByPro steaks. Only subtle changes in discoloration ratio and deoxymyoglobin were observed, whereas no effects ( ≥ 0.43) for pH or thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were noted. Feeding ByPro increased DMI during the first half of the feeding period without negatively affecting gain efficiency; however, fecal N retention was not altered by ByPro. ByPro did not negatively affect meat quality or carcass characteristics, and it did not seem to affect retail meat antioxidant activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".