118 Invasive Disease Caused by Haemophilus Influenzae Species in 12 Impact Centers, 1996–2001
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) invasive disease has declined in Canada due to infant immunization programs. A retrospective study was conducted at 12 IMPACT centers to determine the role of non-b serotypes (H. influenzae types a,c,d,e,f or Hia to Hif, and non-typeable species or Hi-nt) in invasive disease caused by this species. Clinical and demographic data were collected for all laboratory identified cases of H. influenzae cultured from normally sterile sites (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, joint aspirate, etc) from Jan 1, 1996 to Dec 31, 2001. A total of 166 cases were identified, of which 58 (34.9%) were due to Hib. The information below pertains only to the 108 non-b cases, of which 25 (23.1%) were due to Hia, 4 (3.7%) due to Hid, 2 (1.9%) due to Hie, 11 (10.2%) due to Hif, 47 (43.5%) due to Hi-nt, and 19 (17.6%) were incompletely typed. Sixty three (58.3%) cases were male. The ethnic background was available for 57 mothers and/or fathers: 42% were Caucasian, 40% aboriginal, 4% African and 7% Asian; the remainder were unknown. The mean age at presentation was 3.1 years (range 0 days - 17 years). Fifty patients (46.3%) were 12 months of age or younger, 19 (17.6%) were 13–24 months, 17 (15.7%) were 25–60 months, and 22 (20.4%) were greater than 5 years of age. The most commonly reported clinical syndromes were pneumonia in 37 (23.6%), meningitis in 29 (18.5%), and isolated bacteremia in 17 (10.8%). Pneumonia was caused by Hi-nt in 20/37 (54%), Hia in 5/37 (14%), and Hif in 4/37 (11%), whereas meningitis was caused by Hia in 13/29 (45%), Hi-nt in 8/29 (28%) and Hif in 4/29 (14%). Mean duration of hospital stay was 11.5 days (105 patients), and mean time spent in the pediatric intensive care was 5.8 days (42 patients). Eight patients died, of whom 5 (4 with meningitis, 1 with pneumonia) were attributed to the H. influenzae infection. Of the 100 survivors, 83 (83%) had fully recovered or improved by hospital discharge, 7 required anticonvulsants, 6 had hearing impairment, and 5 had other neurological abnormalities. in the post-Hib immunization era, two-thirds of H. influenzae invasive disease was due to non-b serotypes, which were associated with significant morbiditiy and mortality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".