Paleoindian Landscapes in Southeastern and Central New York
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1957 and 1969, William A. Ritchie published data on geographic distributions of Paleoindian sites and points in the New York region. Discrete clusters of fluted bifaces and Paleoindian sites were apparent, variously associated with proglacial lake plains, bedrock lithic sources and other late Pleistocene landscapes. Since 2009, as part of the New York Paleoindian Database Project (NYPID), New York State Museum (NYSM) researchers and colleagues have been working with individuals and institutions to augment these early data sets on Paleoindian points and sites across the state. Our current research, focused on southeastern and central New York, substantiates the Paleoindian point/site clusters recorded by Ritchie in these two areas. Documenting settlement during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, these point/site clusters are associated with former proglacial lake footprints in the Wallkill Valley and the Ontario Lowlands, respectively. These expanding data sets on the distribution, chronology, and lithic raw materials of these Paleoindian point and site clusters shed new light on the distinctive histories of early human occupation in these two sub-regions of New York.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".