62: Bacterial Colonization of Human Donor Milk: Implications of NICU Admission
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human milk may carry many live bacteria including skin microflora and pathogens and these may be implicated as a source in neonatal sepsis. There is no consensus amongst human milk banks on acceptable bacteria thresholds prior to milk pasteurization. The threshold in the Toronto, Canada bank is 100 ×105 CFU/L. To determine whether infant NICU admission is a risk factor for greater bacterial growth in milk donated to a human milk bank. This is retrospective cohort study of all human milk donated to the Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank in Toronto, Canada from Jan 2013 to Jun 2014 inclusive. Data was abstracted from a prospectively maintained database. All donated milk is cultured on blood and MacConkey's agar every two weeks during the donation period. Bacteria were defined a priori as either skin microflora or pathogen. Each culture was reported in CFU ×105/L. There were 199 donor mothers during the study period of which 63 had babies in the NICU. Mothers of inpatients had similar maternal age and rate of operative delivery compared to mothers of outpatients but their infants had significantly lower birth weight and gestational age. The mean number of cultures for each group was six over a three month donation period. There was a wide range of microflora and pathogens grown with the mothers of inpatients having significantly greater abundance of microflora but not pathogens at every time period. The tables56 indicate culture results from the first sample. Our human milk cultures prior to pasteurization indicate a high level of live bacteria. This has important implications for determining discard rates in the bank. It may be of additional importance in recommending guidelines for milk expression techniques while in the NICU to minimize such bacterial growth. The donor mothers in this study come from NICUs which foster skin-to-skin care and the presence of skin microflora in milk may be of benefit to the fragile preterm infant.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".