109 Smoking and the Adolescent with a Chronic Cardiac Condition: A Study of Smoking Risk Behaviours, Attitudes and Information Dissemination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the advances in pediatric cardiac sciences, more children with cardiac conditions are surviving into the adolescent age group. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of smoking in adolescents with congenital or acquired heart disease, the sources of their anti-tobacco counselling, and the average age of smoking initiation. Information regarding their perception of smoking risks was also collected. A confidential written survey was completed by eligible patients aged 12–19 years old with congenital and acquired pediatric cardiac defects of duration >1 year who were seen at the University of Alberta Pediatric Cardiology Clinic from March-May 2003. Eighty-five percent (55/65) of eligible patients completed the survey. The gender distribution was similar (47% female vs 53% male). Only 31% of surveyed adolescents with cardiac defects reported that they had received anti-smoking counselling from their pediatric cardiologist, 24% from their primary physician or pediatrician, while 60% reported counselling from their teachers. Forty percent (95% CI: 27%–53%) of surveyed adolescents with a heart condition had tried smoking with 21.8% (95% CI: 11%–33%) admitting to habitual smoking; 9.1% had quit while 12.7% continued to smoke. This is comparable to Albertan adolescent smoking data with 48% having tried smoking and 29% habitually smoking. The average age of smoking initiation was 13 years old. Ninety-nine percent of the adolescents surveyed responded that smokers, in general, were at a higher risk of heart attacks than non-smokers. Ninety-two percent perceived their risk of a heart attack to be the same (78%) or higher (13%) if they, with their cardiac condition, smoked compared to an adolescent smoker with a normal heart. Data obtained from this study suggests that adolescents with chronic cardiac conditions will try smoking and develop smoking habits similar to healthy adolescents despite perceiving themselves susceptible, if not more so, to heart attacks. Of greater significance is that adolescent cardiac patients are far more likely to receive anti-smoking education from their teacher than from their cardiologist or pediatrician who may have more insight into the additional risks of smoking for the adolescent cardiac patient. With the increasing survival of pediatric cardiac patients, there comes the need for pediatricians and specialists to address their patients' changing health behaviours and highlight additional risk factors for disease in the adolescent with a chronic cardiac condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".