154: Risk Factors for Adverse Events Following Diagnostic Urethral Catheterization in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Urethral catheterization (UC) is widely performed to diagnose urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile young children presenting to the emergency department (ED). However, little is known about risk factors associated with adverse events following this procedure. To determine risk factors for adverse events following diagnostic UC in the pediatric ED. This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study conducted over a period of nine months in a tertiary care pediatric ED. Recruitment mainly occurred during week days from 9AM until 7PM. All children aged three to 24 month old with fever ≥38°C (≥100.4°F) and who had a diagnostic UC were invited to participate. Parents were contacted by phone seven to 10 days following the ED visit to answer a standardized questionnaire about adverse events potentially related to the procedure. Adverse event was prospectively defined as painful urination, genital pain, urinary retention, hematuria or UTI occurring secondary to UC. No sample size was calculated a priori because it was a secondary analysis of another study. Nonetheless, it was estimated that 40 participants experiencing at least one complication permitted to evaluate five risk factors (male sex, age, previous UC, hematuria at UC, final diagnosis of UTI). Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to calculate odds ratio (OR). 240 patients were invited to participate. Among them, 219 patients accepted and were included in the study with 20 (9%) lost to follow-up. Of the 199 patients who completed the study, 110 were females (55%) and the median age was 10 months. Overall, 41 (21%) patients experienced at least one adverse event. Male sex (OR 3.99 [CI 1.84–8.61]) and age 12–23 months (OR 2.61 [CI 1.24–5.50]) were statistically associated to a higher risk of having adverse events. Urethral catheterization is associated to adverse events in the following week in 21% of young children. Male sex and age 12–23 months were associated with a higher risk of complications. It should be used carefully in young children especially in those with risk factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".