Closed-loop instrumental variable identification of propofol anesthesia
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the challenges in the development of high-performance closed-loop anesthetic drug delivery systems is the lack of accurate models. Physiological models have limited accuracy and drug effect varies largely between patients, while data-driven modeling of individual responses is challenging due to limited excitation and disturbances. This paper proposes a multi-input single-output (MISO) approach to deal with the effect of disturbances by identifying a plant model as well as a disturbance model. Furthermore, a MISO extension to closed-loop instrumental variable (IV) identification is proposed. Closed-loop IV methods are consistent without the need for identification of intermediate variables or noise-model parameters. Identification of fewer parameters is expected to be advantageous in this application where excitation is limited. The proposed approach is compared to closed-loop prediction-error methods. IV estimation achieved similar performance to a tailor-made parametrization. Bias in direct output-error (OE) estimates due to noise is limited. Closed-loop methods that require a controller description or that introduce additional computational complexity do not significantly improve model accuracy compared to direct OE estimation in this application.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it