Highly Porous Poly(high internal phase emulsion) Membranes with “Open-Cell” Structure and CO<sub>2</sub>-Switchable Wettability Used for Controlled Oil/Water Separation
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polymer membranes with switchable wettability have promising applications in smart separation. Hereby, we report highly porous poly(styrene- co - N, N -(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (i.e., poly(St- co -DEA)) membranes with “open-cell” structure and CO 2 -switchable wettability prepared from water-in-oil (W/O) high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templates. The open-cell porous structure facilitates fluid penetration through the membranes. The combination of CO 2 -switchable functionality and porous microstructure enable the membrane with CO 2 -switchable wettability from hydrophobic or superoleophilic to hydrophilic or superoleophobic through CO 2 treatment in an aqueous system. This type of membrane can be used for gravity-driven CO 2 -controlled oil/water separation, in which oil selectively penetrates through the membrane and separates from water. After being treated with CO 2 switching wettability of the membrane, a reversed separation of water and oil can be achieved. Such a wettability switch is fully reversible, and the membrane could be regenerated through simple removal of CO 2 and oil residual through drying. This facile and cost-effective approach represents the development of the first CO 2 -switchable polyHIPE system, which is promising for smart separation in a large volume.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it