120: Injuries Associated with Liquid Detergent Packets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the introduction of convenient new laundry packets to North American in 2012 there have been more frequent reports of child injuries related to liquid detergent packets. A recent study reported 17,000 cases gathered by poison control centres across the United States including several hundred serious injuries and at least one death. In Canada there have been more than 100 cases seen in paediatric emergency departments. To obtain more information on Canadian children injured in such incidents the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP) conducted a one-time survey of paediatricians across Canada. To obtain more information on Canadian children injured in such incidents the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP) conducted a one-time survey of paediatricians across Canada. The survey gathered information on number of cases seen, age groups most affected, types of exposures and injuries sustained point of access, treatment and disposition of the children. In August 2014, the CPSP sent a one-time survey to approximately 2,500 active practicing paediatricians and subspecialists enrolled in the Program. CPSP gathered information on 54 children with injuries following exposure to single-load liquid detergent packets treated by paediatricians within the past year (2014). Half (56%) were less than 2 years of age and 43% were aged 2–4 years. All except 2 of the children were treated by reporting physicians in emergency departments (69%) and in-patient settings (28%). Three quarters of the incidents involved exposure to liquid detergent packets for laundry and the remainder were for dishwashers. Among cases where the point of access was known, two thirds of the children accessed detergent packets directly from the manufacturer's original package or container and another 20% found a packet on the floor or lying around. Almost all the children (47 or 88%) were treated following ingestion or had exposure to the gastrointestinal tract, six sustained ocular injuries, four had dermal exposure and three suffered pulmonary exposure. The injuries and symptoms reported in order of frequency include: nausea and vomiting, chemical burns (mouth, esophagus or skin), pulmonary toxicity, conjunctivitis, respiratory distress, corneal ulcer or keratitis, and central nervous system depression. Twenty-five patients (46%) were admitted to hospital and of these, at least six were treated in intensive care units. Another six patients (11%) were treated and released with referral for medical follow up. Twenty-one patients (39%) were not seriously injured and released without need for medical follow up. Liquid detergent packets pose a hazard for young children and exposures resulted in serious injuries. Prevention may be enhanced by greater parent and caregiver awareness of the hazard combined with vigilance in safe storage of household chemicals, including detergent packets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".