39 Argon Laser Photocoagulation for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Case Series of Long Term Outcome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a common cause of visual dysfunction. Often, these pre-term children may also have additional disabilities. Despite the frequency of ROP, the various outcomes after age five are rarely reported. To review the visual, structural and neurodevelopmental outcome of children who were screened and treated with argon laser photocoagulation for threshold ROP. In this case series, all surviving children with a history of threshold ROP were prospectively screened, treated and followed from the neonatal period to at least five years of age. At five years of age, all children were comprehensively evaluated by a paediatric ophthalmologist. In addition, each patient had a neurodevelopmental assessment by a child neurologist and/or paediatrician. Children were also assessed for psychological, speech, and motor difficulties by trained professionals. If possible, standardized assessments were performed. In this period, there were 23 children who had been screened, treated and followed. Two children had died prior to age 5, leaving 21 children. The ocular outcomes were generally good. Only one patient (1 eye) had progressed to stage 5 (complete retinal detachment). Two other children had macular abnormalities, due to retinal scarring. Three children had a visual impairment (defined as visual acuity less than 20/60 OU); the worse outcome in the group was 20/400 OU. A total of 5 children had a visual acuity <20/40. Of the 21 patients, 7 patients had cerebral palsy. There was a greater proportion of cerebral palsy in patients with a visual acuity of <20/40 than in children with better visual outcomes (p<0.05). Eleven children had either a borderline or worse cognitive impairment. All children with a visual acuity <20/40 were cognitively impaired compared to 6/16 children with better outcomes (p<0.05). In children who have undergone argon laser photocoagulation for ROP, visual outcome is generally good. However, these children have additional cognitive and motor disabilities. The additional disabilities were more prominent in children with poorer visual acuities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".